Micron Document
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The `!Chakma Script`! (`F33f`_`[Chakma`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Chakma_language]`_`f: `*๐‘„Œ๐‘„‹๐‘„ด๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ง๐‘„๐‘„›๐‘„–๐‘„ด`*), also called `!Ajhฤ Pฤแนญh`!, is an `F33f`_`[abugida`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Abugida]`_`f used for the `F33f`_`[Chakma language`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Chakma_language]`_`f, and recently for the `F33f`_`[Pali`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Pali]`_`f language.`:cite-ref-scheuren-1-1[`F5bf`_`[1`#cite-note-scheuren-1]`_`f]

>>Contents

โ€ข `F0af`_`[History`#history]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Structure`#structure]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Independent vowels`#independent-vowels]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Dependent vowels`#dependent-vowels]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Consonants`#consonants]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Letter names and punctuation`#letter-names-and-punctuation]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Numerals`#numerals]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Unicode`#unicode]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[Educational Institutions`#educational-institutions]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[References`#references]`_`f
โ€ข `F0af`_`[External links`#external-links]`_`f

-โ”€

>>History

The Chakma script is an `F33f`_`[abugida`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Abugida]`_`f that belongs to the `F33f`_`[Brahmic family of scripts`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Brahmic_scripts]`_`f. Chakma evolved from the `F33f`_`[Burmese script`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Burmese_script]`_`f, which was ultimately derived from `F33f`_`[Pallava`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Pallava_script]`_`f.`:cite-ref-talukdar-3-1[`F5bf`_`[3`#cite-note-talukdar-3]`_`f]`:cite-ref-braunsl-ffler-4-1[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-braunsl-ffler-4]`_`f]`:cite-ref-eversonhosken-5-1[`F5bf`_`[5`#cite-note-eversonhosken-5]`_`f] Proto Chakma developed around the 6th century CE. Old Chakma developed in the 8th century CE. Classical Literary Chakma was used in the 11th to 15th centuries and the current Standard Chakma was developed and revived in the 20th century.

The script, along with the `F33f`_`[Chakma language`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Chakma_language]`_`f, has been introduced to non-government schools in `F33f`_`[Bangladesh`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Bangladesh]`_`f, and as well as schools in `F33f`_`[Mizoram`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Mizoram]`_`f.`:cite-ref-7[`F5bf`_`[7`#cite-note-7]`_`f]

>>Structure

Chakma is of the Brahmic type: the consonant letters contain an inherent vowel. Unusually for `F33f`_`[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages]`_`f, the inherent vowel in Chakma is a long 'ฤ' (`F33f`_`[a`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Open_central_unrounded_vowel]`_`f) as opposed to short 'a' (`F33f`_`[ษ”`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel]`_`f). Consonant clusters are written with conjunct characters, and a visible vowel killer shows the deletion of the inherent vowel when there is no conjunct.

>>>Independent vowels

Four independent vowels exist:

Other vowels in initial position are formed by adding the vowel sign to ๐‘„ƒ ฤ, as in ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ฉ ฤซ, ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ซ ลซ, ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ญ ai, ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ฐ oi. Some modern writers are generalizing this spelling in ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„จ i, ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ช u, and ๐‘„ƒ๐‘„ฌ e.

>>>Dependent vowels

`t
| ๐‘„ง a IPA: [ษ”] | ๐‘…… aa IPA: [a] | ๐‘„จ i IPA: [i] | ๐‘„ฉ ii IPA: [i] | ๐‘„ช u IPA: [u] | ๐‘„ซ uu IPA: [u] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๐‘„ฌ e IPA: [e/ษ›] | ๐‘„ญ ai IPA: [aแธญ] | ๐‘„ฎ o IPA: [o] | ๐‘„ฏ au IPA: [ouฬฏ] | ๐‘„ฐ oi IPA: [ษ”iฬฏ] | ๐‘„ฑ o IPA: [o] |
| ๐‘„ฒ au IPA: [ouฬฏ] | ๐‘…† ei IPA: [ei] | ๐‘„€ candrabindu IPA: [ -ฬƒ ] | ๐‘„ anusvara IPA: [ล‹] | ๐‘„‚ visarga IPA: [h] | |
`t

One of the interesting features of Chakma writing is that candrabindu ๐‘„€ (cฤnaphudฤ) can be used together with anusvara ๐‘„ (ekaphudฤ) and visarga ๐‘„‚ (dviphudฤ):

๐‘„ƒ๐‘„‚๐‘„€ aแธฅแนƒ = ๐‘„ƒ ฤ + ๐‘„‚ h + ๐‘„€แนƒ

๐‘„ƒ๐‘„๐‘„€ aแนƒแนƒ = ๐‘„ƒ ฤ + ๐‘„ แนƒ + ๐‘„€แนƒ

๐‘„…๐‘„๐‘„€ uแนƒแนƒ = ๐‘„… u + ๐‘„ แนƒ + ๐‘„€แนƒ

๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ช๐‘„€ muแนƒ = ๐‘„Ÿ mฤ + ๐‘„ช u + ๐‘„€แนƒ

>>>Consonants

`t
| ๐‘„‡ kฤ | ๐‘„ˆ khฤ | ๐‘„‰ gฤ | ๐‘„Š ghฤ | ๐‘„‹ แน…ฤ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๐‘„Œ cฤ | ๐‘„ chฤ | ๐‘„Ž jฤ | ๐‘„ jhฤ | ๐‘„ รฑฤ |
| ๐‘„‘ แนญฤ | ๐‘„’ แนญhฤ | ๐‘„“ แธฤ | ๐‘„” แธhฤ | ๐‘„• แน‡ฤ |
| ๐‘„– tฤ | ๐‘„— thฤ | ๐‘„˜ dฤ | ๐‘„™ dhฤ | ๐‘„š nฤ |
| ๐‘„› pฤ | ๐‘„œ phฤ | ๐‘„ bฤ | ๐‘„ž bhฤ | ๐‘„Ÿ mฤ |
| ๐‘„  yyฤ | ๐‘„ก yฤ | ๐‘„ข rฤ | ๐‘„ฃ lฤ | ๐‘„ค ๐‘…‡ wฤ / vฤ |
| | ๐‘„ฅ sฤ | ๐‘„ฆ hฤ | ๐‘…„ แธทฤ | |
`t

>>>>Vowel-killer

Like other Brahmic scripts, Chakma makes use of the `*maayyaa`* (killer) to invoke conjoined consonants. In the past, practice was much more common than it is today. Like the Myanmar script, Chakma is encoded with two vowel-killing characters in order to conform to modern user expectations. As shown above, most letters have their vowels killed with the use of the explicit `*maayyaa`*:

๐‘„‡๐‘„ด k = ๐‘„‡ kฤ + ๐‘„ด MAAYYAA

>>>>Conjucts

In 2001 an orthographic reform was recommended in the book `*Cฤแน…mฤ pattham pฤt`* which would limit the standard repertoire of conjuncts to those composed with the five letters ๐‘„  yฤ, ๐‘„ข rฤ, ๐‘„ฃ lฤ, ๐‘„ค wฤ, and ๐‘„š nฤ. The four here are the most widely accepted repertoire of conjuncts. No separate conjunct forms of subjoined full-form -yฤ or -rฤ appear to exist. The fifth of these conjuncts, the -na conjunct, is exemplary of the orthographic shift which has taken place in the Chakma language.

`t
| Consonant | ๐‘„ณ ๐‘„  - yyฤ | ๐‘„ณ ๐‘„ข - rฤ | ๐‘„ณ ๐‘„ฃ - lฤ | ๐‘„ณ ๐‘„ค - wฤ | ๐‘„ณ ๐‘„š - nฤ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๐‘„‡ k | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ˆ kh | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„‰ g | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„Š gh | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„‹ แน… | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„Œ c | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ ch | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„Ž j | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ jh | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ รฑ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„‘ แนญ | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„’ แนญh | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„“ แธ | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„” แธh | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„• แน‡ | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„– t | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„— th | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„˜ d | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„™ dh | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„š n | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„› p | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„œ ph | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ b | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ž bh | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„Ÿ m | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„  yy | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ก y | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ข r | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ค w | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ฅ s | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
| ๐‘„ฆ h | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„š |
`t

While some writers would indeed write `*kakna`* (in ligating style) as ๐‘„‡๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„š or (in subjoining style) as ๐‘„‡๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„š, most now would probably expect it to be written as ๐‘„‡๐‘„‡๐‘„ด๐‘„š. The ligating style of glyphs is now considered old-fashioned. Thus, taking the letter ๐‘„Ÿ mฤ as the second element, while the glyph shapes ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ kmฤ, ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ tmฤ, ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ nmฤ, ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ bbฤ, ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ mmฤ, ๐‘„ฃ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ llฤ, ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ smฤ, and ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ hmฤ are attested, most users now prefer the glyph shapes ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ kmฤ, ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ tmฤ, ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ nmฤ, ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ bbฤ, ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ mmฤ, ๐‘„ฃ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฃ llฤ, ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ smฤ, and ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ hmฤ. Again, this distinction is stylistic and not orthographic.

The 2004 book `*Phadagaแน…`* shows examples of the five conjuncts above together alongside conjuncts formed with ๐‘„ bฤ, ๐‘„Ÿ mฤ, and ๐‘„ฆ hฤ. These are all formed by simple subjoining.

`t
| Consonant | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ - bฤ | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ - mฤ | ๐‘„ณ ๐‘„ฆ - hฤ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๐‘„‡ k | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ˆ kh | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ˆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„‰ g | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„‰๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„Š gh | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„Š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„‹ แน… | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„Œ c | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ ch | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„Ž j | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ jh | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ รฑ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„‘ แนญ | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„’ แนญh | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„’๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„“ แธ | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„“๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„” แธh | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„”๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„• แน‡ | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„•๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„– t | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„— th | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„—๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„˜ d | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„™ dh | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„™๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„š n | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„› p | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„œ ph | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ b | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ž bh | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„Ÿ m | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„  yy | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ก y | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ก๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ข r | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ข๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ค w | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ค๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ฅ s | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ฆ h | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
`t

In the 1982 book `*Cฤแน…mฤr ฤg pudhi`* a much wider range of conjunct pairs is shown, some of them with fairly complicated glyphs:

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| Consonant | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‡ - k | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‰ - g | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Œ - c | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ - ch | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ž - j | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ - jh | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‘ - แนญ | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„– - t | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„— - th | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„˜ - d | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„™ - dh | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„› - p | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ - b | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ - m | ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ - l |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ๐‘„‡ k | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„‡ | | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„Œ | | | | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„‘ | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„– | | | | | | ๐‘„‡๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | |
| ๐‘„‹ แน… | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„‡ | ๐‘„‹๐‘„ณ๐‘„‰ | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ๐‘„Œ c | | | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Œ | ๐‘„Œ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ๐‘„Ž j | | | | | ๐‘„Ž๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ž | | | | | | | | | | |
| ๐‘„ รฑ | | | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„Œ | | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ž | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | | | | | | | | | |
| ๐‘„‘ แนญ | | | | | | | ๐‘„‘๐‘„ณ๐‘„‘ | | | | | | | | |
| ๐‘„– t | | | | | | | | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„– | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„— | | | | | ๐‘„–๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | |
| ๐‘„˜ d | | | | | | | | | | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„˜ | ๐‘„˜๐‘„ณ๐‘„™ | | | | |
| ๐‘„š n | | | | | | | | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„– | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„— | | | | | ๐‘„š๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | |
| ๐‘„› p | | | | | | | | | | | | ๐‘„›๐‘„ณ๐‘„› | | | |
| ๐‘„ b | | | | | | | | | | | | | ๐‘„๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | | |
| ๐‘„Ÿ m | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ๐‘„Ÿ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | |
| ๐‘„ฃ l | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‡ | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‰ | | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ | | | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‘ | | | | | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„› | | | ๐‘„ฃ๐‘„ณ๐‘„ฆ |
| ๐‘„ฅ s | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‡ | | | | | | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„‘ | | | | | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„› | | ๐‘„ฅ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | |
| ๐‘„ฆ h | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ๐‘„ฆ๐‘„ณ๐‘„Ÿ | |
`t

>>Letter names and punctuation

Chakma letters have a descriptive name followed by a traditional Brahmic consonant. These are given in annotations to the character names. Alongside a single (๐‘…) and double (๐‘…‚) danda punctuation, Chakma has a unique question mark (๐‘…ƒ), and a section sign, `*Phulacihna`*. There is some variation in the glyphs for the `*Phulacihna (๐‘…€)`*, some looking like flowers or leaves.

>>Numerals

The Chakma script contains its own set of numerals, although `F33f`_`[Bengali numerals`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Bengali_numerals]`_`f are also used.

>>Unicode

Chakma script was added to the `F33f`_`[Unicode`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Unicode]`_`f Standard in January 2012 with the release of version 6.1.`:cite-ref-8[`F5bf`_`[8`#cite-note-8]`_`f]

The Unicode block for Chakma script is U+11100โ€“U+1114F. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:

`t
| Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | Chakma [1] [2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| U+1110x | ๐‘„€ | ๐‘„ | ๐‘„‚ | ๐‘„ƒ | ๐‘„„ | ๐‘„… | ๐‘„† | ๐‘„‡ | ๐‘„ˆ | ๐‘„‰ | ๐‘„Š | ๐‘„‹ | ๐‘„Œ | ๐‘„ | ๐‘„Ž | ๐‘„ |
| U+1111x | ๐‘„ | ๐‘„‘ | ๐‘„’ | ๐‘„“ | ๐‘„” | ๐‘„• | ๐‘„– | ๐‘„— | ๐‘„˜ | ๐‘„™ | ๐‘„š | ๐‘„› | ๐‘„œ | ๐‘„ | ๐‘„ž | ๐‘„Ÿ |
| U+1112x | ๐‘„  | ๐‘„ก | ๐‘„ข | ๐‘„ฃ | ๐‘„ค | ๐‘„ฅ | ๐‘„ฆ | ๐‘„ง | ๐‘„จ | ๐‘„ฉ | ๐‘„ช | ๐‘„ซ | ๐‘„ฌ | ๐‘„ญ | ๐‘„ฎ | ๐‘„ฏ |
| U+1113x | ๐‘„ฐ | ๐‘„ฑ | ๐‘„ฒ | ๐‘„ณ | ๐‘„ด | | ๐‘„ถ | ๐‘„ท | ๐‘„ธ | ๐‘„น | ๐‘„บ | ๐‘„ป | ๐‘„ผ | ๐‘„ฝ | ๐‘„พ | ๐‘„ฟ |
| U+1114x | ๐‘…€ | ๐‘… | ๐‘…‚ | ๐‘…ƒ | ๐‘…„ | ๐‘…… | ๐‘…† | ๐‘…‡ | | | | | | | | |
| Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | Notes 1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0 2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points |
`t

>>Educational Institutions

The Chakma language is taught in numerous government and private schools across India (in Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh) and Bangladesh. In 2004, the Government of Tripura's Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages officially introduced Chakma in primary schools using the Bengali script. Since 2013, it has been taught using the Chakma script. Currently, 87 schools offer Chakma language instruction.`:cite-ref-9[`F5bf`_`[9`#cite-note-9]`_`f]

>>References

`:cite-note-scheuren-1`!1.`! `:citerefscheuren2019`aScheuren, Zachary (22 April 2019). "Proposal to encode CHAKMA LETTER VAA for Pali" (PDF). `*The Unicode Consortium`*.
`:cite-note-2`!1.`! `:citerefjoshimcbride2019`aJoshi, R. Malatesha; McBride, Catherine, eds. (2019). `*Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography`*. Literacy Studies. Vol. 17. p. 28. `F33f`_`[doi`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Doi_(identifier)]`_`f:10.1007/978-3-030-05977-4. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 978-3-030-05976-7.
`:cite-note-talukdar-3`!3.`! `:citereftalukdar2010`aTalukdar, S. P. (2010). `*Genesis of Indigenous Chakma Buddhists and Their Pulverization Worldwide`*. Gyan Publishing House. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9788178357584.
`:cite-note-braunsl-ffler-4`!4.`! `:citerefbraunsl-ffler2013`aBrauns, Claus-Dieter; Lรถffler, Lorenz G. (11 November 2013). `*Mru: Hill People on the Border of Bangladesh`*. Birkhรคuser. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9783034856942.
`:cite-note-eversonhosken-5`!5.`! `:citerefeversonhosken2009`aEverson, Michael; Hosken, Martin (28 July 2009). "Proposal for encoding the Chakma script in the UCS" (PDF).
`:cite-note-6`!2.`! "Chakma block chart" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium.
`:cite-note-7`!7.`! `F0af`_`[โ†‘`#cite-ref-7]`_`f `:citerefbrandt2014`aBrandt, Carmen (2014). "Script as a potential demarcator and stabilizer of languages in South Asia". In Cardoso, Hugo C. (ed.). `*Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia`*. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 86. `F33f`_`[hdl`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Hdl_(identifier)]`_`f:10125/4602. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780985621148.
`:cite-note-8`!8.`! `F0af`_`[โ†‘`#cite-ref-8]`_`f "Unicode 6.1.0". `*The Unicode Consortium`*. 31 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
`:cite-note-9`!9.`! `F0af`_`[โ†‘`#cite-ref-9]`_`f "Chakma Language". The Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages. `*Government of Tripura, India`*.

>>External links

โ€ข RibengUni (First Chakma Unicode Font)
โ€ข Chakma Script Archived 2020-01-15 at the `F33f`_`[Wayback Machine`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Wayback_Machine]`_`f
โ€ข Chakma Bangla Blog
โ€ข Chakma Prototype Keyboard
โ€ข Chakma Unicode Converter
โ€ข Available Chakma Unicode Fonts
โ€ข Chakma Keyboard Layout for Mac OSX
โ€ข Chakma Open Dictionary
โ€ข "Chakma alphabet, pronunciation and language". `*Omniglot`*. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
โ€ข "Tribal Languages - Banglapedia". `*Banglapedia`*. Retrieved 1 September 2018.

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